Nelson Mandela, Anti-Apartheid Warrior

Posted by Unknown Saturday, June 15, 2013 0 comments

Nelson Mandela - Of course, we often hear the name of this great man. There is nothing between Mandela in July? Political leaders fighting for a difference in treatment based on race or politics of Apartheid South Africa on 18 July last year amid repeated. Therefore, let's explore briefly the life story of Nelson Mandela.

Nelson was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918 with full name Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. His father was a High Court Advisory Thembuland. After the death of his father, Nelson Mandela placed his father. He is expected to assume office even higher, but because of the cases that occur frequently Apartheid political background, he then made sure to be a lawyer. Mandela's dream of contributing to creating freedom for black people. Mandela felt the pain and cruelty of Apartheid politics, injustice is mobilizing his heart to pursue the field of politics and law.

So after completing primary education, he went to Healdtown to continue their education to the University of Fort Hare. In 1942 he joined the African National Congress, for his political activities, he is exposed to the city jail and completed his education by mail or correspondence.

Mr Nelson Mandela as Race

In the anti-Apartheid movement, the Mandela lot of support from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Because of this support also, Winnie often the victims. This is also for his political activities, Mandela decided by the court barred all forms of political meetings and the city was placed under arrest for 6 months. Law practice was not immune from the political treatment of Apartheid. Local authorities demanded that Mandela moved his office from downtown to the suburbs. That way, clients can not come to the office. At that time, Nelson said, is tantamount to asking them to stop the practice, stop legal services to the people. So Mandela was determined to oppose this legislation.

When the trial was held in 1964, though at his trial had pleaded historic Mandela for 4 hours, he was still found guilty of violation of the anti communist and was given a life sentence. Here are two sentences terahir in historic defense in court.

"I have Fought against white domination, and I have Fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of democratic and free society in roomates all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal roomates I hope to live for and to Achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for roomates I am prepare to die ".

Although Nelson Mandela in prison, he still continues to be a symbol of resistance to black people, and organizing an international campaign demanding his release. In contrast, in the 27 years in prison Nelson Mandela managed to arouse the world against apartheid politics. Mandela gradually became a symbol of equality and justice.

How does he serve his sentence? Mandela while in custody has a habit of watching the sunset while listening to classical music Handel or Tchaikovsky. With friends of the prison, Mandela concert sometimes when the situation permits, especially on Christmas Day.

It is most regrettable by Mandela, after his release from Robben Island prison in 1990 was, he forgot to say goodbye to the prison warden. In 1990, Nelson was released from prison at the age of 71 years. Mandela returned to the political arena with the hopes of bringing fundamental change of political science in South Africa. In 1994 he was elected President of South Africa in the first election for all races at the age of 75 years.

Mandela's political career more brilliant after he got out of jail, but not so with his personal life. Mandela through a divorce from his wife Winnie Madikizela in 1996. Previously in 1991, Winnie was found guilty of kidnapping and violence dalah. And once again, last year's Winnie fraud and theft cases involved approximately 120,000 dollars in an organization he led the African National Congress Women's League. However, in 1998, right on the 80th birthday, Mandela married Graca Machel, the widow of former President Samora Machel Mozambic.

In 1993 he received the Nobel Peace Prize with South African President FW de Clerk. Then in June 1999 Mandela step down as president, replaced by President Thabo Mbeki. Even so, Mandela remains a revered figure, bringing remarkable transition from tyranny to democracy countries with the promise of peace that saved the South African country of bloody violence.

Nelson Mandela never tired of fighting for democracy, and equality. Although facing many challenges, but Mandela has never reply actions racist with racist actions. Her life has been the inspiration in South Africa and around the world, to all those who oppress and rob, to all who fight against oppression and deprivation.

"No-one is born hating another person Because of the color of his skin, or his religion" - Nelson Mandela.

Don King, Notes from the Dark Ring Boxing and Prison

Posted by Unknown Thursday, June 13, 2013 1 comments

Don King - Who the hell are not familiar with Mr.. Don King, the boxing promoter known in all parts of the world? Who is not familiar with Mike Tyson, who is often referred to as world heavyweight boxing champion true? Yes, can not be denied that the world's Tyson boxing career soar thanks to this unique haired promoter. However, who would have thought that guy by the name of Don King's original has a dark reputation in some circles? In fact, he never harmed a person to lose and actions is to enter it into the prison for four years.

The Rumble In The Jungle

Don King was born in Cleveland, Ohio on 20 August 1931. As is generally the black children at the time, she has a pretty young dark time. She dropped out of the University of Kent State and honorable in the illegal gambling and some other cases.

In 1974, Don King is a great way to promote his first professional boxing bout and found it to be well-known for featuring Ali VS Foreman "Rumble in the Jungle" in Zaire. This mega event directly transform King into the main promoters in boxing for 30 years into the future. He went into the ranks of the world ring with his success in bringing Muhammad Ali, Mike Tyson, George Foreman, Evander Holyfield and champion.

However, a few years later it opened l ah glorious dark side of the promoter. This story tells the major players like to play dirty and underhanded. Many exploits of King, who was hidden. He was committing fraud after fraud in each competition and to almost all young boxer in his place promised to join him. In addition, Don King was at Indicate involved in murder, bribery, theft, betting, breach of contract, and that helped a mafia extortion.

Causes Debt

One day at a gambling house, someone named Hillary Brown tried to rob King. The house is one of the King of the gambling den. At the time, Don King realized actions of Brown and promptly shot him in the back and killed. At that time the court rules that it's fair to reasons of self-defense.

On January 20 April 1966 King involved with the murder. This time relating to the debt problem. At that time while walking in the area of Manhattan, he saw Sam Garrett, former employees have ever owe 600 dollars while betting. Sam is alone poorman, sickly, and drug addiction. However, this time the King did not care. He forced Sam to immediately repay its debts. Argument for the sake of argument also continues on the action fights. King is not his match for Sam, it is natural to lose a large body crushed by a blow beset by King. Fight outside bar that was stopped after Garret lying with severe injuries and eventually died. King declared that it was self-defense. But some people in the testimonies of people denied this location. The beating lasted very brutal and King as a crazy person.

In an interview with a sports reporter, Jack Newfield, the officer who arrested King at the time said that he saw the head of Sam many - times kicked by the King keeping his gun. Although after Sam got it right - actually lying in the street, King still leaves one last kick is brutal. Don King was found guilty and sentenced on charges of second-degree murder. As a result of the offense, Don King had to be languishing in jail for four years.

Spent his time in prison by reading books of philosophy and history. He was just getting the education that he had before the time finish college. Once out of prison, he set a career as a world-class boxing promoter and managed to buy 40 hectares of farm land at a low price. The interesting thing is, he also married Hattie Renwick, a widow who had owned the land.

That Donking, the promoter who has unique character. Precisely unique and controversial. Base experience in the past produced a principle of life that is always in his hand.

Principle is it?
"I do not serve time. I am the one who mebuat serve my time. "

Ir. Soekarno The First President of Indonesia

Posted by Unknown Wednesday, April 10, 2013 0 comments

Ir. Soekarno - If you hear the name of Dr. (HC) Ir. Soekarno everyone would remember the proclaimed and also the first president of Indonesia. President Sukarno's birth name is actually Koesno Sosrodihardjo, he was born in Surabaya, East Java, on June 6, 1901.

When viewed from history, Sukarno was the first President of Indonesia, who served in the period 1945-1966, he also played an important role for independence of Indonesia from Dutch colonial rule. In addition, Sukarno also a digger Pancasila as he who first sparked the concept of the Indonesian state, and herself who named Pancasila. He is also a Proclaimed of Indonesian Independence (along with Mohammad Hatta) which occurred on August 17, 1945.

Soekarno signed March 11, 1966 Warrant Supersemar the controversial content, based on the version issued by the Army Headquarters commissioned Lieutenant-General Suharto to secure and maintain the security of the state and the institution of the presidency. Supersemar basis Lieutenant General Suharto to dissolve the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), and replacing members who sit in parliament. Having rejected accountable People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) in the fourth general assembly of 1967, President Sukarno was dismissed from his post as president of the MPRS Special Session of the same year and appointed Soeharto as the acting President of the Republic of Indonesia.

Childhood & Youth Soekarno

Sukarno was born to a father who named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo and his mother is Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. The two met when Raden Soekemi who was an elementary school teacher was placed on Natives in Singaraja, Bali. Nyoman Rai is a descendant of the noble Hindu Bali and while Raden Soekemi themselves Muslim. They already have a daughter named Sukarmini before Soekarno was born. When small Soekarno lived with his grandfather, Prince Hardjokromo in Tulung Agung, East Java.

He attended the first time in the Tulung Agung until she moved to Mojokerto, followed his parents were stationed in the city. In Mojokerto, father Sukarno enter into Eerste inlandse School, the school where he worked. Then in June 1911 Sukarno moved to Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) to make it easier to be accepted in Hoogere Burger School (HBS).

In 1915, Sukarno had completed his education at ELS and successfully continue to HBS in Surabaya, East Java. He was accepted at HBS for the help of a friend of his father who called HOS Tjokroaminoto. Tjokroaminoto even provide shelter for Soekarno at his home lodge. In Surabaya, Soekarno much met with leaders of the SI, the organization headed Tjokroaminoto then, as Alimin, Musso, Dharsono, Haji Agus Salim and Abdul Muis. Soekarno then active in youth organizations Tri Koro Dharmo formed as an organization of Budi Utomo. Name of the organization then he change to Jong Java (Java Youth) in 1918. In addition, Sukarno also actively writes in the daily "Oetoesan Indies" led by Tjokroaminoto.

Graduated Soerabaja HBS in July 1921, with a force Djoko Asmo colleagues at HBS, Sukarno continued to Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (now ITB) in Bandung majoring in civil engineering in 1921, two months after he left college, but in 1922 signed returned and graduated in 1926. Sukarno declared to have passed the test engineer on May 25, 1926 and the 6th Anniversary TH Bandung on July 3, 1926 she graduated with eighteen other engineers. Prof. Jacob Clay, chairman of the faculty at the time stated "Especially important event for us because there are three of them engineers Javanese people". [14] They were Soekarno, Anwari, and Soetedjo, except that there is one from Minahasa Henricus Johannes Alexander Ondang.

While in London, staying at the residence of Haji Sukarno Sanusi who is a member of the SI Tjokroaminoto sidekick. There he interacted with Ki Hajar Dewantara, Cipto Mangunkusumo, and Dr. Douwes Dekker, who was then the leader of the organization National Indische Partij.

Gait Political Biography of President Sukarno

1. Period of National Movement

Soekarno for the first time became famous when he became a member of Jong Java Surabaya branch in 1915. For Sukarno nature of the organization's Java-centric and just think culture alone is a challenge. In the annual plenary meeting held Sukarno Surabaya branch Jong Java tumultuous session with a speech using the Java language ngoko (rough). A month later he sparked a fierce debate by suggesting that Java Jong newspaper published in Malay only, and not in the Dutch language.

In 1926, Sukarno founded the Algemene Study Club in Bandung, which is the result of inspiration from Indonesische Study Club by Dr. Soetomo. This organization became the forerunner of the National Party of Indonesia was established in 1927. Sukarno's PNI activity caused the Dutch captured on December 29, 1929 in Yogyakarta and the next day moved to London, was sent to prison for Banceuy. In 1930 he moved to Sukamiskin and in that year he raised a phenomenal pledoi Indonesia Sues (pledoi), to be released on December 31, 1931.

In July 1932, Sukarno joined the Party of Indonesia (Partindo), which is a fraction of the PNI. Sukarno was arrested again in August 1933, and exiled to Flores. Here, Soekarno almost forgotten by the national figures. But his spirit still burning as implied in every letter to a teacher named Ahmad Hasan Islamic Union.

In 1938 until 1942 Sukarno was exiled to Bengkulu Province. Soekarno new free returns on Japanese colonial period in 1942.

2. The period of Japanese rule

At the beginning of the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the Japanese government had not noticed the movement leaders of Indonesia, especially to "secure" its presence in Indonesia. It looks at the Movement 3A with the character and Mr. Shimizu. Syamsuddin less popular.

But eventually, the Japanese occupation government attention and simultaneously utilize Indonesian leaders such as Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and others in each of the organizations and institutions of appealing to the population of Indonesia. Mentioned in various organizations such as the Java Hokokai, People Power Center (the Son), and PPKI BPUPKI, prominent leaders such as Sukarno, Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara, KH Mas Mansyur, and others mentioned and look so active. And finally the national figures working with the government to achieve the independence of the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, although there is also an underground movement like Sutan Syahrir and Amir Sjarifuddin because they think Japan is a dangerous fascist.

President Sukarno himself, during a speech before the opening of the reading of the text of the proclamation of independence, saying that even though we work together with Japan in fact we believe and believe and rely on their own strength.

He was active in the preparation of business independence Indonesia, among which is to formulate the Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, and the basic fundamentals of the Indonesian government, including formulating the text of the proclamation of Independence. He was persuaded to step aside to Rengasdengklok.

In 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo invited the leaders Indonesia Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta and Ki Bagus Hadikoesoemo to Japan and received directly by Emperor Hirohito. Even the emperor gave imperial star (Holy Ratna) to three figures Indonesia. Conferment star made the Japanese occupation government was surprised, because it means that all three characters Indonesia is considered Japan's imperial family alone. In August 1945, he was invited by Marshal Terauchi, the Army leadership in the region of Southeast Asia Dalat Vietnam who later stated that the proclamation of the independence of Indonesia is the Indonesian people themselves.

But his involvement in the organization of bodies formed Japan made Sukarno was accused by the Netherlands in cooperation with Japan, among others, in the case of romusha.

3. Revolutionary War period

Soekarno with national figures began to prepare themselves before the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia. After the trial Investigation Agency Business BPUPKI Preparation of Indonesian Independence, Small Committee consisting of eight members (official), small committee consisting of nine persons / Nine organizers (with the Treaty of Jakarta) and the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence PPKI, Soekarno-Hatta Indonesia established the State based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

After seeing Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, there Rengasdengklok Events on August 16, 1945; Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta persuaded by the youth to step aside to troop dormitories Defenders of the Homeland Rengasdengklok Map. Youth leaders who persuaded the others Soekarni, Wikana, Singgih and Chairul Saleh. The youths demanded that Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed Indonesian independence immediately, because in Indonesia happened vacuum of power. This is because Japan had surrendered and Allied troops had not arrived. But Sukarno, Hatta and leaders refused on the grounds waiting for clarity on the Japanese surrender. Another reason is the growing Soekarno establish the right moment for the independence of the Republic of Indonesia which is chosen on August 17, 1945 when it coincided with Ramadan, the Muslim holy month which is believed to be the revelation of the first month of the Muslims to the Prophet Muhammad, Al Qur-an. On 18 August 1945, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta PPKI be appointed by the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. On August 29, 1945 appointment as president and vice president was confirmed by KNIP. On 19 September 1945 the authority Soekarno can complete without bloodshed Ikada Field event where 200 000 people of Jakarta will clash with Japanese troops were still armed to the teeth.

On arrival Allies (AFNEI) led by Lieutenant General. Sir Philip Christison, Christison finally recognized Indonesian sovereignty de facto after holding a meeting with the President. President Sukarno was also trying to solve the crisis in Surabaya. However, due to provocation launched by troops NICA (Netherlands) to hitchhike Allies (under the British), burst events 10 November 1945 in Surabaya and the death of Brigadier General AWS Mallaby.

Because many provocations in Jakarta at the time, President Soekarno eventually moved the capital of the Republic of Indonesia from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Followed vice president and other senior state officials.

Position of President Soekarno in 1945, is the status of the President as head of government and head of state (presidential / single executive). During the revolution, the system of government changed to semipresidensiil / double executive. President Sukarno as head of state and the Prime Minister Sutan Syahrir / Head of Government. It happened because of the vice presidential edict No. X, and the government's announcement in November 1945 of a political party. It is taken to the Republic of Indonesia is considered a more democratic country.

Although the system of government changed, at the time of the revolution, the position of the President is still the most important, especially in the face of Madiun 1948 as well as the Dutch Military Aggression II that led to President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and high state officials arrested Netherlands. Although there has been the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) with chairman Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, but in fact the international and domestic situation remains acknowledged that Soekarno-Hatta is the real leader of Indonesia, only policies that can resolve the dispute Indonesia and the Netherlands.

4. Future of Indonesian Independence

After Recognition Sovereignty (as the Dutch government said Handing Sovereignty), President Sukarno was appointed as the President of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) and Mohammad Hatta was appointed prime minister of RIS. Office of President of the Republic of Indonesia handed over to Mr Assaat, which became known as the RI Java-Yogyakarta. However, due to the demands of all the people of Indonesia who want to return to a unitary state, then on August 17, 1950, RIS again changed to the Republic of Indonesia and President Sukarno becomes President. The mandate of Mr Assaat as acting President handed back to Ir. Sukarno. Official position of the President is the constitutional president, but in fact government policy made after consulting him.

Myth Duet Soekarno-Hatta quite popular and more powerful among the people compared to the prime minister head of government. Rise and fall of the cabinet which is reputed as "cabinet for the rest of corn" to make the President less trusting multiparty system, even calling it a "disease party". Not infrequently, he also lent a hand mediating conflicts in the military has also affected the rise and fall of the cabinet. As the events of October 17, 1952 and the events in the Air Force. Sukarno and John F. Kennedy

President Sukarno also provides many ideas in the international world. Concern over the fate of the peoples of Asia and Africa, still independent, yet have the right to determine their own fate, causing President Sukarno, in 1955, took the initiative to convene the Asia-Africa Conference in Bandung, which produced Dasa Sila. Known as the Bandung Asian-African Capital. Inequality and conflict due to a "time bomb" that left the western countries are still labeled as selfish imperialism and colonialism, inequality and concerns about the emergence of a nuclear war that changed civilization, injustice international agencies in conflict resolution is also a concern. With President Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Pakistan), U Nu, (Burma) and Jawaharlal Nehru (India), he organized the Asian-African Conference that led to the Non-Aligned Movement. Thanks services, many Asian and African countries gained independence. But unfortunately, there are still many others who have prolonged the conflict to date because of the injustice in problem solving, which is still controlled by powerful states or superpowers. Thanks to this addition, many residents of the region do not forget the African Soekarno remember or know when will Indonesia. [Citation needed]

To carry out an independent foreign policy-active role in the international community, President Sukarno visited many countries and met with the leaders of the country. Among them was Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Union), John Fitzgerald Kennedy (United States), Fidel Castro (Cuba), Mao Tse Tung (PRC).

End of Life President Sukarno

Soekarno health has begun to decline since August 1965. [26] Previously, it has been declared suffering from kidney problems and had been receiving treatment in Vienna, Austria in 1961 and 1964. [26] Prof. Dr. K. Fellinger of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Vienna suggests that Sukarno left kidney removed but he refused and preferred traditional medicine.

He still survive for 5 years before finally died on Sunday, June 21, 1970 at Army Hospital (Hospital Central Army) Gatot Subroto, Jakarta with its status as political prisoners. The body was moved from Sukarno to the guesthouse RSPAD Yasso owned by Ratna Sari Dewi. Before it died, routine checks on Sukarno was made by Dr. Mahar Mardjono which is a member of the presidential medical team. Not long after medical communique issued signed by the Chairman Prof. Dr. Mardjono Mahar and his Deputy Chief Major General Dr. (TNI AD) Rubiono Kertopati.

Although Sukarno had requested that he be buried in the Palace Slate, Bogor, but the government of President Suharto chose Blitar, East Java, as the burial place of Sukarno. It was established by Presidential Decree No.. 44 in 1970. The body was taken to Blitar Soekarno day after his death and was buried the next day next to his mother's grave. Soekarno's funeral was led by armed forces commander Gen. M. Panggabean as inspector ceremony. The government then set a seven-day mourning period.

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie Biography

Posted by Unknown Saturday, April 6, 2013 1 comments

Habibie - The third President of the Republic of Indonesia, Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie was born in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, on June 25, 1936. He was the fourth child of eight children, couples Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and RA. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. Habibie, who was married to Hasri Ainun Habibie on May 12, 1962 was blessed with two sons namely Ilham Akbar and Thareq Kemal. Habibie through childhood with his brothers in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi.

Firmly adhering to the principles of nature have been shown Habibie since childhood. Habibie, who had a penchant for horseback riding and reading is known to be very smart when they occupied the elementary school, but he had lost his father, who died on 3 September 1950 due to a heart attack while he was praying Isha.

Shortly after his father died, his mother sell the house and vehicle and moved to London with Habibie, his mother drudge finance their children's lives, especially Habibie, because the willingness to learn Habibie later studying at Gouvernments Middlebare School. In high school, he began to look outstanding achievements, especially in the exact sciences lessons. Habibie became a favorite figure in the school.

Because of his intelligence, After graduating high school in Bandung on 1954, he entered at the ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung), It was not until over there because he received a scholarship from the Ministry of Education and Culture to continue his studies in Germany, remembering of Bung Karno’s messages about the importance of aerospace and flight to Indonesia, he chose majors with specialization Construction Engineering Flight aircraft at Rhein Westfalen Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH) When he got to Germany, he was determined to sincerely and must succeed, remembering her mother's efforts to pay for college and life day-to-day. A few years later in Aachean, on 1955, 99% of Indonesian students there are given a full scholarship. Only he who has a green passport or private friends of the other holidays holiday season is not just a golden opportunity for him to be filled with exams and seek money to buy books. After the holidays, all the activities were excluded unless learning. In contrast to her other friends, they are: more use of summer vacation time to work, gain experience and money without taking tests.

He received a Diploma Ing, from the Technische Hochschule, Germany in 1960 with cum laude predicate (Perfect) with an average value of 9.5, with a degree in engineering, he signed himself to work at the firm Talbot, a German railway industry. At that time the firm Talbot require a large volume wagon for transporting lightweight goods but the volume is huge. Talbot takes 1000 wagon. Got a question like that, Habibie tried to apply the methods of construction to make aircraft wings which he applied to wagons and finally succeeded.

After that he continued his studies for a PhD at the Technische Hochschule Fuer Die Facultaet Maschinenwesen Aachean. Habibie was married Hasri Ainun Habibie in 1962, who then trafficked to Germany, their live so harder, in the early morning Habibie sometimes have to walk briskly to the much work needs to save his life and then go home at night and study for college, his wife Mrs Hasri Ainun Habibie had to queue up at the public washing place to wash clothes to economize on the needs of family life. In 1965 Dr Habibie get a degree. Ingenieur-rated summa cum laude (It perfectly) with an average value of 10 from the Technische Hochschule Fuer Die Facultaet Maschinenwesen Aachean.

The formula is found by Habibie called "Habibie Factor" because it can count cracks or krack propagation on random atoms to the plane that he was dubbed as "Mr. Crack". In 1967, to honor Professor (Professor) at the Institute of Technology Bandung. from the same place in 1965. Genius and achievement is this that leads Habibie internationally recognized institution of whom, Gesselschaft fuer Luft und Raumfahrt (Institute of Aviation and Aerospace) Germany, The Royal Aeronautical Society, London (UK), The Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (Sweden), The Academie Nationale de l'Air et de l'Espace (France) and the U.S. Academy of Engineering (USA). While it had won prestigious awards including Habibie, Edward Warner Award and von Karman Award which is almost equivalent to the Nobel Prize. Domestically, Habibie received the highest award from the Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Ganesh Bhakti Praja Mangala Kencana.

Habibie steps much admired, full of controversy, a lot of admirers but not a few who do not agree with him. Each time, winning the prestigious Theodore van Karman Award, the return of "habitat" of Germany, he is always in the news. Habibie only a year studying at ITB Bandung, 10 years of college to earning a doctorate aircraft construction in Germany with honors Summa Cum laude. Then worked in the aircraft industry leading MBB Gmbh Germany, prior to the call of President Soeharto to return to Indonesia.

In Indonesia, Habibie 20 years as Minister of State for Research and Technology / Chief BPPT, leading the 10 state-owned enterprises Strategic Industries, selected MPR became Vice President, and was sworn in by the Chief Justice to replace President Suharto became President of the Republic of Indonesia to 3. Soeharto handed the presidency to Habibie under Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution. Until finally forced Habibie also stepped down due consultation of the East Timorese voted for independence. Accountability speech MPR rejected. He was back to being ordinary citizens, also migrated settled back to Germany.

On May 22, 2010, Hasri Ainun Habibie, the wife of BJ Habibie, died at the Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Klinikum, Munich, Germany. He died on Saturday at 17.30 local time or 22:30 pm. Certainty of death Hasri Ainun Ali Mochtar Ngabalin certainty, a former member of Parliament who was appointed deputy BJ Habibie family. It's a very deep grief for former Indonesian President Habibie and people who feel lost. For Habibie, Ainun is everything. Ainun is to see his eyes. For Ainun Habibie is everything, filling you in his life. But every story has a end, every dream has a limit.

In early December 2012, a movie called "Habibie and Ainun" was launched, the film is a true story about romance Lifting both as a teenager to become husband and wife, and when death separates them. The film is taken from the work of BJ Habibie's bestseller, this film worked on by two directors namely Faozan Rizal and Hanung Bramantyo, with actor Reza Rahardian as Bunga Citra Lestari Habibie and Ainun Habibie as.

Most of his work in calculating and designing several aircraft manufacturing project:

VTOL (Vertical Take Off and Landing) DO-31 Transport Aircraft.
Military Transport Aircraft Transall C-130.
Hansa Jet 320 (Executive Aircraft).
Airbus A-300 (for 300 people)
CN - 235
N-250
And indirectly participated in calculating and designing:

BO-105 helicopter.
Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA).
Some projects missiles and satellites.

Most Signs Service / honors:

1976 - 1998 Director of PT. Nusantara Aircraft Industry / IPTN.
1978 - 1998 Minister of State for Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia.
Chairman of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology / BPPT
1978 - 1998 Director of PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero).
1978 - 1998 Chairman of the Industrial Development Authority Batam Island / Opdip Batam.
1980 - 1998 Chairman of the Defense and Security Industry Development (Presidential Decree. 40, 1980)
1983 - 1998 Director, PT Pindad (Persero).
1988 - 1998 Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees Strategic Industries.
1989 - 1998 Chairman of the Agency for Strategic Industries Management / BPIS.
1990 - 1998 Chairman of the Association of Muslim Scholars se-lndonesia/lCMI.
1993 Daily Presidium Coordinator, Board of Trustees of Golkar.
10 March to 20 May 1998 Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia
May 21, 1998 - October 1999 the President of the Republic of Indonesia